Nitrogen (N) use efficiency and yield in rice under varying types and rates of N source: chemical fertilizer, livestock manure compost and food waste-livestock manure compost

Abstract An optimal use of organic composts derived from animal and food wastes could provide an opportunity to achieve both sustainable crop production soil quality, a lot research has provided the evidence. The nitrogen efficiencies (NUEs) is definition evaluate interaction between (N), and, due this reason, widely used in agriculture. current work tried NUEs as indicator N acquisition capacity physiological responses rice grown under varying levels. To do this, we employed different types rates source, chemical fertilizer, livestock manure-based compost waste manure-containing compost. Despite enhanced growth yield by fertilization, difference fertilization was not observed. Net photosynthetic rate significantly higher treatments 90–317 kg ha -1 . NUE (N uptake efficiency × utilization efficiency) highest lower application groups, sharply reduced with increase rates. In contrast, harvest index (NHI, grain N/total biomass N, ) showed (0.71– 0.76 greater (≤ 317 ). Accordingly, terms NUE, our result suggest that may be affordable less than 300 (combination fertilizer compost). Nevertheless, it should investigated how excess affects long plant can accept without environmental load.